Diagnosis of whooping cough in Switzerland: differentiating Bordetella pertussis from Bordetella holmesii by polymerase chain reaction

Pittet, Laure; Emonet, Stéphane Paul; Francois, Patrice; Bonetti-Sarret, Eve-Julie; Schrenzel, Jacques; Hug, Mélanie; Altwegg, Martin; Siegrist, Claire-Anne; Posfay Barbe, Clara

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Title		Diagnosis of whooping cough in Switzerland: differentiating Bordetella pertussis from Bordetella holmesii by polymerase chain reaction
Authors		Pittet, Laure Emonet, Stéphane Paul Francois, Patrice Bonetti-Sarret, Eve-Julie Schrenzel, Jacques Hug, Mélanie Altwegg, Martin Siegrist, Claire-Anne Posfay Barbe, Clara show all authors [1 - 9]
Published in		PLOS ONE. 2014, vol. 9, no. 2, p. e88936
Abstract		Bordetella holmesii, an emerging pathogen, can be misidentified as Bordetella pertussis by routine polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In some reports, up to 29% of the patients diagnosed with pertussis have in fact B. holmesii infection and invasive, non-respiratory B. holmesii infections have been reported worldwide. This misdiagnosis undermines the knowledge of pertussis' epidemiology, and may lead to misconceptions on pertussis vaccine's efficacy. Recently, the number of whooping cough cases has increased significantly in several countries. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine whether B. holmesii was contributing to the increase in laboratory-confirmed cases of B. pertussis in Switzerland. A multiplex species-specific quantitative PCR assay was performed on 196 nasopharyngeal samples from Swiss patients with PCR-confirmed Bordetella infection (median age: 6 years-old, minimum 21 days-old, maximum 86 years-old), formerly diagnosed as Bordetella pertussis (IS481+). No B. holmesii (IS481+, IS1001-, hIS1001+) was identified. We discuss whether laboratories should implement specific PCR to recognize different Bordetella species. We conclude that in Switzerland B. holmesii seems to be circulating less than in neighboring countries and that specific diagnostic procedures are not necessary routinely. However, as the epidemiological situation may change rapidly, periodic reevaluation is suggested.
Keywords		Adolescent — Adult — Bordetella/classification/genetics — Bordetella Infections/diagnosis/microbiology — Bordetella pertussis/genetics/isolation & purification — Child — Child, Preschool — DNA, Bacterial/analysis/genetics — Diagnosis, Differential — Female — Humans — Infant — Infant, Newborn — Male — Microbiological Techniques/methods — Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods — Switzerland — Whooping Cough/diagnosis/microbiology — Young Adult
Identifiers		DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088936 PMID: 24586447
Full text		Article (Published version) (143 Kb) - Free access
Structures		Faculté de médecine / Section de médecine clinique / Département de médecine interne des spécialités Faculté de médecine / Section de médecine fondamentale / Département de pathologie et immunologie Faculté de médecine / Section de médecine clinique / Département de pédiatrie
Research groups		Centre de Vaccinologie et d'Immunologie néonatale (177) Groupe Posfay-Barbe Clara (pédiatrie générale) (853)
Citation (ISO format)		PITTET, Laure et al. Diagnosis of whooping cough in Switzerland: differentiating Bordetella pertussis from Bordetella holmesii by polymerase chain reaction. In: PLOS ONE, 2014, vol. 9, n° 2, p. e88936. https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:54867