This thesis compares cues which may be used for anticipation in simultaneous interpreting and musical ensemble playing. Previous research has found links between music and language. We have narrowed the focus to simultaneous interpreting and musical ensemble playing because both disciplines involve listening to and producing sound simultaneously. The focus of the thesis is on the cues present in music and speech that could allow musicians and interpreters respectively to speed up the rate at which they process what they are hearing, and thus improve their performance. This thesis is an attempt to provide a theoretical framework on which to base further experimental research. It substantiates the view that similar cues may be used in musical ensemble playing and simultaneous interpreting.