Drawing on a sample of 283 subsidiaries in three countries, we investigate how headquarters'attention affects subsidiary performance. - Scholars have recently argued that top management's attention is the most critical, scarce and sought-after resource in organizations (Haas and Hansen 2001; Bouquet and Birkinshaw 2008). However, the question how headquarters' attention affects subsidiary companies remains largely unexplored. - Our study shows that subsidiaries which have a high level of strategic choice and receive attention from headquarters perform better than their peers. More specifically, we find that the interactions of subsidiaries' autonomy, inter-unit power and initiatives with attention increase subsidiary performance.