No evidence for the presence of genetic variants predisposing to psychotic disorders on the non-deleted 22q11.2 allele of VCFS patients

Guipponi, Michel; Santoni, Federico; Schneider, Maude; Gehrig, C; Bustillo, X B; Kates, W R; Morrow, B; Armando, Marco; Vicari, S; Sloan-Béna, Frédérique; Gagnebin, M; Shashi, V; Hooper, S R; Eliez, Stéphan; Antonarakis, Stylianos

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Title		No evidence for the presence of genetic variants predisposing to psychotic disorders on the non-deleted 22q11.2 allele of VCFS patients
Authors		Guipponi, Michel Santoni, Federico Schneider, Maude Gehrig, C Bustillo, X B Kates, W R Morrow, B Armando, Marco Vicari, S Sloan-Béna, Frédérique Gagnebin, M Shashi, V Hooper, S R Eliez, Stéphan Antonarakis, Stylianos show all authors [1 - 15]
Published in		Translational Psychiatry. 2017, vol. 7, no. 2, p. e1039
Abstract		The velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) is caused by hemizygous deletions on chromosome 22q11.2. The VCFS phenotype is complex and characterized by frequent occurrence of neuropsychiatric symptoms with up to 25-30% of cases suffering from psychotic disorders compared with only ~1% in the general population (odds ratio≈20-25). This makes the 22q11.2 deletion one of the most prominent risk factors for schizophrenia. However, its penetrance for neuropsychiatric phenotypes is incomplete suggesting that additional risk factors are required for disease development. These additional risk factors could lie anywhere on the genome, but by reducing the normal diploid to a haploid state, the 22q11.2 deletion could result in the unmasking of otherwise recessive alleles or functional variants on the non-deleted 22q11.2 allele. To test this hypothesis, we captured and sequenced the whole 22q11.2 non-deleted region in 88 VCFS patients with (n=40) and without (n=48) psychotic disorders to identify genetic variation that could increase the risk for schizophrenia. Single nucleotide variants (SNVs), small insertions/deletions (indels) and copy number variants were called and their distributions were compared between the two diagnostic groups using variant-, gene- and region-based association tests. None of these tests resulted in statistical evidence for the existence of a genetic variation in the non-deleted allele that would increase schizophrenia risk in VCFS patients. Power analysis showed that our study was able to achieve >80% statistical power to detect association of a risk variant with an odd ratio of ⩾22. However, it is certainly under-powered to detect risk variant of smaller effect sizes. Our study did not provide evidence that genetic variants of very large effect size located on the non-deleted 22q1.2 allele in VCFS patients increase the risk for developing psychotic disorders. Variants with smaller effects may be located in the remaining 22q11.2 allele and elsewhere in the genome. Therefore, whole exome or even genome sequencing for larger sample size would appear to be the next logical steps in the search for the genetic modifiers of the 22q11.2-deletion neuropsychiatric phenotype.
Identifiers		DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.258 PMID: 28221368
Full text		Article (Published version) (803 Kb) - Free access
Structures		Faculté de médecine / Section de médecine clinique / Département de psychiatrie Faculté de médecine / Section de médecine fondamentale / Département de médecine génétique et développement
Research groups		Laboratoire d'imagerie et de psychopathologie développementale (693) Pathologie Moléculaire de la Trisomie 21 et le Génome Humain (248)
Citation (ISO format)		GUIPPONI, Michel et al. No evidence for the presence of genetic variants predisposing to psychotic disorders on the non-deleted 22q11.2 allele of VCFS patients. In: Translational Psychiatry, 2017, vol. 7, n° 2, p. e1039. https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:97043