The use of biomarkers, such as type B natriuretic peptide (BNP, NT pro-BNP) to finely tune the treatment during the follow-up of patients with chronic heart failure is under investigation. The few existing studies published up to now suggest that this approach leads to fewer hospital readmissions and a lower mortality due to heart failure, except in patients over 75 years of age. The positive effects of the use of biomarkers seem to be due to a greater use of target doses of the medications recommended in heart failure (angiotensin converting enzyme, angiotensin receptor blockers, or beta-blockers) and to a better adhesion to guidelines. Thus, it may prove more efficient to develop efforts to increase physicians' adhesion to guidelines than to rely on the dosage of a biomarker.