In developed countries, drug therapy has turned HIV infection into a chronic disease. Follow-up of patients who take antiretroviral therapy is becoming more and more complex and individualised, often multidisciplinary approach is warranted. Problems with compliance to treatment and viral drug resistance have encouraged research of new substances. More is known about viral replication and other targets for treatment are under investigation. Improvements to therapeutic strategies practised in the last few years provide new possibilities in the fight against HIV infection.