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Switching from protease inhibitors to efavirenz: differences in efficacy and tolerance among risk groups: a case-control study from the Swiss HIV Cohort

Publié dansAIDS, vol. 16, no. 3, p. 381-385
Date de publication2002
Résumé

OBJECTIVES: Many patients have simplified their therapy by replacing protease inhibitors (PI) with efavirenz. In a large cohort study representative of clinical practice, we compared outcomes in patients who replaced PI with efavirenz (switchers), with patients who continued on PI (non-switchers). We investigated the likelihood of virological failure in switchers and non-switchers, and the tolerance of efavirenz-containing regimens in different transmission risk groups. DESIGN, SETTING, AND METHODS: Using the database of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, we identified patients who switched from PI-containing to efavirenz-containing highly active antiretroviral therapy for reasons of tolerance, toxicity, or convenience. Switchers were matched to non-switchers on the basis of calendar time, CD4 cell count, and viral load. RESULTS: The probability of virological failure was less in patients who switched to efavirenz values after one year: 9.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) 5.5-15.9] versus 27.2% (95% CI 21.5-34.1), odds ratio (OR) for failure 0.34. The effect was more pronounced when injection drug users (IDU) were omitted from the analysis (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.09-0.43); it was absent in IDU (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.44-2.04). IDU stopped efavirenz more frequently during the first 2 months of treatment than non-IDU [22.6% (95% CI 11.5-41.6) versus 6.6% (95% CI 3.6-11.8) at 2 months]. No difference between IDU and non-IDU was evident when the frequency of stopping indinavir or nelfinavir was measured. CONCLUSION: Switchers had less virological failure and less chance of further treatment changes than non-switchers. However, efavirenz was less successful in IDU than in other transmission categories.

Mots-clés
  • Adult
  • Benzoxazines
  • CD4 Lymphocyte Count
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Cohort Studies
  • Drug Tolerance
  • Female
  • HIV Infections/complications/ drug therapy/immunology/virology
  • HIV Protease Inhibitors/adverse effects/ therapeutic use
  • HIV-1/drug effects/isolation & purification
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Oxazines/adverse effects/ therapeutic use
  • RNA, Viral/blood
  • Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/adverse effects/ therapeutic use
  • Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications
  • Switzerland
Citation (format ISO)
HIRSCHEL, Bernard et al. Switching from protease inhibitors to efavirenz: differences in efficacy and tolerance among risk groups: a case-control study from the Swiss HIV Cohort. In: AIDS, 2002, vol. 16, n° 3, p. 381–385. doi: 10.1097/00002030-200202150-00009
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ISSN du journal0269-9370
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