The emotional power of music has been cherished and acknowledged since very ancient times. However it is only since about the last fifteen years its scientific research has become a focus in the natural sciences like in neuroscience. Although the adherence to music seems to be constant across evolution and cultures it has only recently been recognized that studying the effects of music on the listener can be of interest for various scientific disciplines. In neuroscience and psychology musically evoked emotions have become a topic in fundamental research as well as, as a model to study emotions in general. Promising results have already been reported, but this field of research is still young and more research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms. This dissertation investigates how emotions evoked by music are processed in the brain and the body from a neuroscientific point of view, and explores the specific effect of music as an emotional stimulus on affective responses. The focus of all studies described here is on emotions evoked by music especially taking into account their temporal dynamics as well as possible interactions with rhythmic entrainment processes. In the first study the neural underpinnings of a new domain specific emotion model for music were investigated using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The results showed that emotion scales included in this new model can be regrouped in the bi-dimensional arousal-valence space and distinct brain networks are implicated in the processing of the four different quadrants spanned by these two dimensions.