OBJECTIVE: The challenges of imaging posterior deeply infiltrating endometriosis with MRI are to image a small anatomic area encompassing several thin fibromuscular anatomic structures such as uterosacral ligaments, and the vaginal and rectal walls; and to image endometriotic lesions, which are fibromuscular structures and have an MRI signal intensity very close to those of surrounding fibromuscular anatomic structures. CONCLUSION: We show the capability and potential of MRI in diagnosing and staging of posterior deeply infiltrating endometriosis after vaginal and rectal gel opacification.