Scientific article
Review
OA Policy
English

The promise and peril of AI for disability health equity : A justice-centered narrative review

Published inPLOS digital health, vol. 5, no. 9, e0001663
Publication date2026-09
First online date2026-09-01
Abstract

Despite the promising potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) models to enhance health equities for persons with disabilities, poorly designed applications risk exacerbating inequities. To address this, we conducted a narrative review using disability justice frameworks as an analytical lens to evaluate how AI applications operationalize disability and health equity across various domains. AI models demonstrate potential in early intervention, personalized care, equitable resource allocation, assistive technologies, and health surveillance. However, most AI models rely primarily on biomedical and functional data, often trained on biased datasets that neglect social and structural determinants of disability. As a result, these applications insufficiently capture broader dimensions of wellbeing, including capabilities, recognition, and structural justice, limiting their effectiveness in addressing health inequities. To advance health equity for persons with disabilities, AI applications must incorporate disability-inclusive datasets, participatory co-design with persons with disabilities, auditing for fairness, and real-world validation. Integrating clinical, social, and structural dimensions in a justice-oriented framework can help AI models move beyond narrow biomedical models toward more inclusive, context-sensitive, and equitable health systems.

Citation (ISO format)
DALAL, Jyoti, TEODORO, Douglas, RIVAS VELARDE, Minerva. The promise and peril of AI for disability health equity : A justice-centered narrative review. In: PLOS digital health, 2026, vol. 5, n° 9, p. e0001663. doi: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0001663
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Additional URL for this publicationhttps://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0001663
Journal ISSN2767-3170
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Creation06/09/2026 10:38:37
First validation28/09/2026 08:35:57
Update28/09/2026 08:35:57
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