Scientific article
English

Foraminifera as indicators of reef ecosystem health – an updated perspective from the Florida Keys

Published inJournal of foraminiferal research, vol. 56, no. 3, p. 96-104
Publication date2026-07-01
First online date2026-08-18
Abstract

Coral-reef ecosystems have faced escalating global and local stressors over 50 years, including more frequent and severe bleaching events. Bleaching, caused by the loss of algal endosymbionts, results from photo-oxidative stress triggered by high solar radiation, especially in water temperatures exceeding c. 30°C. Sampling benthic foraminifera from the Florida Reef Tract in the early 1990s revealed unusual symbiont loss patterns in Amphistegina, a globally distributed symbiont-bearing foraminifera common on reefs. This and subsequent studies of their biology and ecology, along with other reef condition indicators, led to proposed metrics such as the Amphistegina Bleaching Index (ABI), Foraminifera in Reef Assessment and Monitoring (FoRAM) Index, and Sediment Constituent (SEDCON) Index. In June 2024, we sampled Tennessee Reef in the Middle Keys (Florida Keys, USA) to compare these bioindicators with data from the previous 30+ years. While FoRAM and SEDCON indices suggested somewhat improved water quality, the ABI showed exceptional bleaching in Amphistegina gibbosa, coinciding with earlier onset of water temperatures above 30°C.

Citation (ISO format)
CANNINGS, Torin et al. Foraminifera as indicators of reef ecosystem health – an updated perspective from the Florida Keys. In: Journal of foraminiferal research, 2026, vol. 56, n° 3, p. 96–104. doi: 10.61551/gsjfr.56.3.96
Main files (1)
Article (Published version)
accessLevelRestricted
Identifiers
Journal ISSN0096-1191
2views
0downloads

Technical informations

Creation19/08/2026 00:30:12
First validation24/08/2026 10:41:09
Update24/08/2026 10:41:09
Status update24/08/2026 10:41:09
Last indexation01/09/2026 08:16:34
All rights reserved by Archive ouverte UNIGE and the University of GenevaunigeBlack