This article examines the fragility of the Dominant Social Bloc (DSB) in Colombia, formed in 2002 and sustained by the strategy of military repression of the FARC-EP and subsidies from the extractive sector. Although these mechanisms enabled the consolidation of the DSB, their long- term sustainability was uncertain. The peace process between the Colombian government and the FARC-EP (2012–2016) and the fall of commodity prices in 2014 exposed this fragility: the former challenged repression as a source of legitimacy, while the economic recession weakened the resources needed to sustain subsidies. These factors deepened divisions within the DSB, ultimately leading to its rupture and reconfiguring the country’s political economy. This article demonstrates that political stability is not solely dependent on economic factors.