Cities embody dissonances that have the potential to trigger tensions. Furthermore, the emergence of new forms of nationalism and authoritarianism poses significant threats to the inclusivity of urban contexts. Sociology contributes to understanding such challenges by acknowledging transformations across time, with digitalization playing a particularly significant role since the late 20th century. While sociologists have extensively investigated this phenomenon, the multidimensional concept of inclusion in today's digital mobile times remains less explored. The paradigm of the ‘hybrid city’—where physical and digital, global and local, past and present intertwine—becomes essential for grasping these transformations. Framed by this paradigm, this research addresses how the inclusion of newcomers in cities manifests in unexpected ways across macro, meso, and micro levels. What insights does the multi-level analysis over time reveal about this concept? I introduce a 'hybrid inclusion' conceptual framework, developed through sociologically oriented, multi-situated ethnographies in Geneva and Hamamatsu. Although both cities exhibit distinct socio-historical configurations, they also share notable similarities. At the macro level, they both promote an ideal of inclusion rooted in diversity and international networks, shaping their policies and visions. At the meso and micro levels, the study reveals an ambivalent disconnection between this ideal and everyday practices. Inclusion manifests in unexpected and hybrid forms, bridging the past and the present, as well as physical and digital configurations of space. By considering urban digitalization as a complex catalyst, this thesis aims to contribute to the sociological discourse on shaping future cities that are more open and inclusive for all.