Due to the adverse effects of climate change, population growth and depletion of natural resources, the future of agriculture and sustainable food production is a major challenge globally. This is especially crucial for middle and low income countries, where vulnerabilities to climate change are high. However, both at the production and policy levels, awareness and climate change adaptation and mitigation measures are low, especially for smallholder farmers. Agriculture, which contributes negatively to climate change, is one of the most prominent sectors for the livelihoods of large populations. As an alternative to the productivist paradigm, introducing a climate smart agriculture (CSA) approach to address these challenges is therefore an important step forward. Through this approach, sustainable agricultural development can lead to increased yields, thereby encouraging smallholder farmers to continue farming, contributing to rural development, food security and improving agroecosystems by adopting and mitigating the impacts of climate change. This research, which follows these questions, therefore focuses on the application of possible CSA solutions by smallholder farmers in the Thrace region of Turkey.