The present study aimed to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying enhanced Pavlovian aversive conditioning to positive emotional stimuli. Using a classical Pavlovian aversive conditioning paradigm where positive, negative and neutral stimuli were paired with an electric stimulation, the study attempted to test and compare two competing hypotheses (fear module theory and affective-relevance module). Baby faces were used as positive emotional stimuli, angry faces served as negative emotional stimuli and neutral faces were used as non emotional condition. Thirty-eight participants were included. Functional brain activity and skin conductance responses were measured as learning indices.