This paper investigates the power dynamics shaping Colombia's economy since the 2000s, marked by concentrated growth in the extractive, financial, and service sectors. We resort to the Dominant Social Bloc (DSB) concept, derived from Bruno Amable and Stefano Palombarini's neorealist approach to institutional change. The DSB is defined as a coalition of dominant social groups benefiting from institutions and public policies in exchange for providing political support.

This study identifies the DSB in Colombia from the 2000s onwards by examining how the social groups favored by the country's growth patterns during this period have provided political support. Adapting the neorealist approach to Colombia, the study incorporates factors like drug trafficking and armed conflict. The findings reveal that the DSB in Colombia since the 2000s includes economic conglomerates, guilds, Multinational Corporations (MNCs), landowners, drug traffickers, paramilitaries, and recipients of government subsidies.