Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. A major risk factor for the disease is gender, potentially caused by sex hormones. As pre-clinical data have shown encouraging results, some researchers are turning to low-dose radiation therapy (LD-RT). In this study, we have first completed the data carried out on a cohort of male TgAD rats, model of AD, to confirm the anti-inflammatory effect of LD-RT. We have then studied the effect of this treatment in a similar cohort of females (age and treatment) to see if gender has an impact on the response to LD-RT. Finally, we have analysed the effect of testosterone on the disease using castrated TgAD rats to elucidate the origin of sex difference. Our results showed an effect of LD-RT in young males, in contrast to young females. Furthermore, we did not find a sex effect or a potential protective effect of testosterone in our cohort of castrated rats.