Antiretroviral therapy is now simpler than ever, with one tablet once daily being the gold standard for the development of new combinations. Indications for treatment initiation have now been extended before moderate immune suppression, taking in account not only the individual benefit, but also the public health aspect of preventing HIV transmission to a sexual partner. New preventing methods have been tested in 2010: microbicides as well as dual antiretroviral treatment in HIV-negative high risk population as a chemoprophylaxis have been published. If these last two tools offer some options for the future, their applicability at a large scale warrant further development.