Objective: To report a case of directin vivooocytes retrieval for fertility preservation before oophorectomy by open surgery in a young patient with ovarian cancer.

Design: case report and literature review.

Setting: University hospital.

Patients: A 29-year-old nulliparous patient, recently diagnosed with low grade serous ovarian carcinoma.The patient consented to the removal of her remaining ovary but wished to preserve oocytes and declined hysterectomy. Conventional trans-vaginal US-guided oocyte retrieval was contra-indicated because of the risk of malignant cell dissemination to the abdomen and the vaginal puncture sites.

Interventions: Controlled ovarian stimulation with gonadotrophins was realized. Comprehensive surgical staging was performed 35 h after ovulation triggering using rHCG. The oocytes retrieval was performedin vivowith ultrasound guidance at time of laparotomy before oophorectomy without any time of ischemia.

Results: Seven mature oocytes were obtained and vitrified.

Conclusions: This case highlights the feasibility ofin vivooocytes retrieval of mature oocytes during open surgery for gynecologic cancers. By avoiding transvaginal follicular retrieval, the risk of malignant cell contamination to vaginal and parametrial tissues is reduced, limiting cancer upstaging.