The present doctoral dissertation considers two related topics. The temporal dynamics of the neural processes associated with negative emotions. Second, the interactions between the latter neural processing and executive functioning, more specifically, cognitive control. The introductory chapter describes the state of the art of affective neuroscience findings. The scientific article (Gaviria et al., 2020) illustrates how exposure to negative emotions induces lasting changes in spatiotemporal dynamic functional brain indices, and how they predict changes in subjective affect and high cognitive control demands. In (Gaviria et al., 2021a), we assess whether distributed brain areas are engaged both during and following the elicitation of emotional experiences. Finally,(Gaviria et al., 2021b) characterized transient intrinsic functional activity (IFN) modulated as a function of emotion and subsequent cognitive control demands. Together these findings provide new insights into the brain dynamic functional organization supporting high-order cognitive processing of negative emotions, cognitive control, and their interaction.