This chapter gives an overview of current thought on interpreting in conflict-related scenarios, focusing on interpreting for the military and humanitarian interpreting as two separate aspects of interpreting in conflict zones. The innovative nature of this book comes from this comparative framework, juxtaposing the military and the humanitarian, and from the analysis of a range of case studies based on different settings, periods and actors through which the research questions will be addressed. The rationale is that the term “interpreting in conflict zones”, coined in the literature, is too broad and that more attention has to be given to the individual particularities of the military and the humanitarian contexts. It will also specify how each chapter connects to the general theme, trying to draw comparisons on the issues of agency, neutrality and self-perceived role.