Hadron therapy (HT) uses the physical and biological properties of charged particles to treat solid tumors. This thesis aims to contribute to two main HT research topics: the development of affordable beam accelerators complexes and of detector systems allowing the monitoring and control of the delivered dose. Two new linac accelerators for HT of the TERA Foundation are further studied, consolidating the bridge between the accelerators and medical physics worlds. The study includes the development of a 3D simulation software, FLUKA Monte Carlo-based, capable to track particles through the accelerator lines ending in the patient's body and fully predict HT beam characteristics. A new monitoring technique, called fast range verification, was developed and experimentally validated with the aim of verifying the Bragg Peak range for hadron treatments. It is based on Positron Emission Tomography and consists in β+ emitters detection from a short and low-dose pre-irradiation of a tumor part.