Vulcano is one of the 7 volcanic islands and 6 seamounts forming the Aeolian volcanic district (Italy). Vulcanohas a long eruptive record, and its last eruption (1888–90 AD) originated the definition of the Vulcanian eruptivestyle. Like most volcanic islands, Vulcano generates many potentially interconnected hazards, determining apotentially high risk. Here, we review the state of knowledge on its geology, eruptive activity, historical ac-counts, structural setting, geophysical and geochemical surveillance, and available hazard assessment, in orderto have an updated picture of the state knowledge on volcanic hazard. We follow a prototypal reviewing scheme,based on three standardized steps: i) review of the volcanic system; ii) review of available eruptive and non-eruptive hazard quantifications; iii) development of a conceptual interpretative model. We find that, while arather vast literature is dedicated to the volcanic system of Vulcano and the reconstruction of past events, fewquantitative hazard assessments exist. In addition, the range of natural variability considered for each hazard ispotentially underestimated (e.g. limited range of considered eruption magnitude and style and of vent position),as it is the potential effect of multi-hazard impact. The developed conceptual model for the feeding systemprovides a synthetic picture of the present knowledge about the system, as emerged from the review. In addition,it allows for the identification of potential paths-to-eruption and provides a first order link among the mainhazards. This review provides an up-to-date snapshot of existing knowledge on volcanic hazard at Vulcano onwhich to build future hazard quantifications as well as to support present and future decision making.