Human Papillomavirus (HPV) accounts for nearly all cases of cervical cancer. We wanted to know if, since its introduction in vaccination programs in 2007, we could observe a reduction in the prevalence of oncogenic HPV in vaccinated populations compared to unvaccinated populations. The conclusions of this research work are that, given the effectiveness of this vaccine for reducing the prevalence of HPV strains, it must be better implanted and promoted in the general population. The target population must be better informed about HPV-related infections and the benefit from getting vaccinated against it in order to increase the vaccination coverage rate. Finally, the use of self-sampling will have to be part of a broader program to monitor the effectiveness of vaccination.