This thesis examines the processes of urban changes induced by the presence of international organisations in four African capitals. Research across Nairobi, Juba Bamako and Abidjan supports the description and analysis of the uneven territorial processes of international aid, highlighting the prominence of security discourses and practices in the development of dual cities. Following mixed research methods combining qualitative (interviews and participant observation), quantitative (social and spatial statistics), geographic data (city and neighbourhood maps) and visual documentation (observational drawings, sketches and photographs), the thesis describes the multi-scale and multi-sited production of the city by international organisations. This research highlights the construction of a transnational space of aid in urban environments of countries in distinct political and military crises. It presents a cross-scale and cross-place analysis of the transformation of African cities through the Landscape of Aid, as an iterative process of power over material and social panoramas.