The present research aims to understand the geologic and tectonic history of Mayaguana bank (SE Bahamas) since the Early Miocene, through the study of original surface and subsurface data, and a literature review. The subsurface is explored through fifteen drill cores, twelve from the southern part of Mayaguana Island and three from its northern coast, measuring in average 33 meters in length. Mayaguana is of particular interest as it is the only place in the Bahamas where Neogene rocks have been reported from outcrops. They are exposed on the north coast between present sea-level and +3 meters whereas they are reached in the south between -15 meters below sea-level (mbsl) to + 2 meters above sea-level (masl). This asymmetric distribution of the Neogene stratigraphic units suggests a more complex tectonic history of the bank than previously thought and calls into question the so far generally accepted tectonic stability of the Bahamas since the Middle Pleistocene.