Kidney cancers represent 2% of all cancer diagnoses worldwide. Renal-cell carcinoma (RCC) originates from the renal epithelium and accounts for >90% of cancers in the kidney. The incidence of RCC is higher in developed countries and affects men twice more than women.[1] Advances in genomics and biological discoveries enabled the recognition of mutations of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene, and identified the hypoxia response pathway as a major cause of clear cell type RCC, which represents 70% of all cancers of the kidney.