Almost all species display small to high amount of population structure. Nevertheless, according to theory, the rate of neutral evolution is equal to the mutation rate and is independent from population size or structure. The aim of this master was to check the influence of population structure on the rate of neutral evolution. This was done through the study of species found in literature and with forward population genetic simulations. Non-neutral evolution and subpopulations spatial arrangements were also studied. Most tested candidate species had significant faster rates of molecular evolution than their less structured sister species. Moreover in the simulations, difference in evolutionary rates between structured and unstructured populations were found for both neutral and non-neutral evolution. Differences in the evolutionary rates were also found between different spatial arrangements. Thus, this study supports the hypothesis that population structure has indeed an influence on the rate of molecular evolution and especially on the neutral rate of evolution.