Selective enhancement of low-gamma activity by tACS improves phonemic processing and reading accuracy in dyslexia

Article Article scientifique Article Selective enhancement of low-gamma activity by tACS improves phonemic processing and reading accuracy in dyslexia eng 2020 author Marchesotti Silvia 876684 author Nicolle Johanna Alexandra 862391 author Merlet Isabelle author Arnal Luc 819827 author Donoghue John P. author Giraud Mamessier Anne-Lise 787361 e3000833 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000833 32898188 1544-9173 https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000833 The phonological deficit in dyslexia is associated with altered low-gamma oscillatory function in left auditory cortex, but a causal relationship between oscillatory function and phonemic processing has never been established. After confirming a deficit at 30 Hz with electroencephalography (EEG), we applied 20 minutes of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) to transiently restore this activity in adults with dyslexia. The intervention significantly improved phonological processing and reading accuracy as measured immediately after tACS. The effect occurred selectively for a 30-Hz stimulation in the dyslexia group. Importantly, we observed that the focal intervention over the left auditory cortex also decreased 30-Hz activity in the right superior temporal cortex, resulting in reinstating a left dominance for the oscillatory response. These findings establish a causal role of neural oscillations in phonological processing and offer solid neurophysiological grounds for a potential correction of low-gamma anomalies and for alleviating the phonological deficit in dyslexia. Dewey 616.8 Swiss National Science Foundation 182855 CH 53 Département de neurosciences fondamentales 21A false 894 Groupe Anne-Lise Giraud 939 PLOS Biology 18 9 4422f822-fafb-4c45-9d9f-c7a4e485244f Article (Published version) Public Marchesotti_tACS-dyslexia_PLoSBiol_2020.pdf 1993471 application/pdf CC BY 9697cd84-4f96-4f76-8301-8a3fc464cafc Supplemental data Public 12929198.zip 1066762 application/zip CC BY openAccess Faculté de médecine / Section de médecine fondamentale / Département de neurosciences fondamentales

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Nicolle, Johanna Alexandra