Tephra sedimentation during the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption (Iceland) from deposit, radar, and satellite observations

Article Article scientifique Article Tephra sedimentation during the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption (Iceland) from deposit, radar, and satellite observations eng 2011 author Bonadonna Costanza 0000-0002-2368-2193 636612 author Genco Riccardo 754620 author Gouhier M. author Pistolesi M. author Cioni R. author Alfano Fabrizio 654873 author Hoskuldsson A. author Ripepe M. 10.1029/2011JB008462 0148-0227 http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2011/2011JB008462.shtml The April-May 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull volcano (Iceland) was characterized by a nearly continuous injection of tephra in the atmosphere that affected various economic sectors in Iceland and caused a global-wide interruption of air traffic. Eruptive activity during 4-8 May 2010 was characterized based on short-duration physical parameters in order to capture transient eruptive behavior of a long-lasting eruption (i.e., total grainsize distribution, erupted mass and mass eruption rate averaged over 30-minute activity). Resulting 30-minute total grainsize distribution based on both ground and MSG-SEVIRI satellite measurements is characterized by Mdphi of about 2 phi and a fine-ash content of about 30wt%. Accumulation rate varied by two orders of magnitude with an exponential decay away from the vent, whereas Mdphi shows a linear increase until about 18 km from vent reaching a plateau of about 4.5 phi between 20-56 km. Associated mass eruption rate is in between 0.6-1.2 x 10^5 kg s^-1. In-situ sampling showed how fine ash mainly fell as aggregates of various typologies. About 5 to 9 wt% of the erupted mass remained in the cloud up to 1000 km from the vent, suggesting that nearly half of the ash >7 phi settled as aggregates within the first 60 km. Particle sphericity and shape factor varied between 0.4 and 1 with no clear correlation with size and distance from vent. Our experiments also demonstrate how satellite retrievals and Doppler radar grainsize detection can provide real-time description of the source term but for a limited particle-size range. particle aggregation settling velocity tephra deposits weak plumes MSG-SEVIRI PLUDIX Dewey 550 141 Département de minéralogie 152 42 Département des sciences de la Terre 154 false 667 Physical Volcanology and Geological Risk Journal of geophysical research 116 B12 Faculté des sciences / Section des sciences de la Terre et de l'Environnement / Département de minéralogie Faculté des sciences / Section des sciences de la Terre et de l'Environnement / Département des sciences de la Terre

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