External Memory and Verbalization in Students with Moderate Mental Retardation: Theory and Training

Article Article scientifique Article External Memory and Verbalization in Students with Moderate Mental Retardation: Theory and Training eng 2002 author Rinaldi Delphine 500677 author Hessels Marco G.P. 0000-0002-4018-1374 133842 author Büchel Fredi 22703 author Hessels-Schlatter Christine 81625 author Kipfer Nadine Marlise 500427 184-227 10.1891/194589502787383272 1810-7621 http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/springer/jcep/2002/00000002/00000003/art00003 Persons with moderate mental retardation were trained to use external memory strategies in order to overcome their working memory limitations. We expected that metacognitive training would allow these individuals to use external memories and that this would be associated with higher recall. It was further hypothesized that the training would be more effective when combined with a short verbalization instruction. Verbalization of one's own thinking and actions should support and reinforce strategic thinking and structure representation. Verbalization should also permit the participants to acquire or access meta-knowledge, one of the basic components postulated for transfer of strategies. Furthermore, performance in analogical tasks should be improved by transferring the use of external memory strategies. The results show that only some of the participants of the experimental group with and without verbalization used the external memory strategy after training. Those who did use the external memory strategy at posttest performed well with regard to recall performance. We concluded that an external memory strategy is required if the task memory load is high and that the memory performance depends on the use of an external memory aid. The problem of transfer to analogical reasoning tasks remained, most likely because how external memories could be used in such tasks was not made explicit, and did the tasks did not allow much use of external memories. Mental retardation Intellectual disabilities Intervention Working memory Training Metacognition Dewey 370 109 Section des sciences de l'éducation 72 false 629 MEtacognition, Dynamic Assessment, Socio-adaptative competences and Inclusion (MEDASI) Journal of cognitive education and psychology 2 3 36020637-a33f-4546-9d8b-4ac4dd4d3926 Article (Published version) Restricted Rinaldi et al.pdf 820554 application/pdf restrictedAccess Faculté de psychologie et des sciences de l'éducation / Section des sciences de l'éducation

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External Memory and Verbalization in Students with Moderate Mental Retardation: Theory and Training	Journal of cognitive education and psychology			2002	809	15

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Rinaldi, Delphine