Observation of the Crab Nebula with the Single-Mirror Small-Size Telescope stereoscopic system at low altitude

Article Article scientifique Article Observation of the Crab Nebula with the Single-Mirror Small-Size Telescope stereoscopic system at low altitude eng 2025-07-11 2025-07 author Alispach Cyril Martin 0000-0002-3791-1997 861481 Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire (FINUC) author Araudo A. author Balbo Matteo 0000-0002-6556-3344 709926 Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire (FINUC) author Beshley V. 0000-0002-2688-0224 author Blažek J. 0000-0002-5870-8947 author Borkowski J. 0000-0002-1460-496X author Boula S. 0000-0001-7905-6928 author Bulik T. 0000-0003-2045-4803 author Cadoux Franck 676514 Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire (FINUC) author Casanova S. 0000-0002-6144-9122 author Christov A. 0000-0001-8121-5860 author Chudoba J. 0000-0002-6425-2579 author Chytka L. author Čechvala P. 0009-0009-2107-1848 author Dědic P. 0000-0001-7805-4373 author Della Volpe Domenico 0000-0001-8530-7447 792615 Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire (FINUC) author Favre Yannick 761433 Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire (FINUC) author Garczarczyk M. 0000-0002-0445-4566 author Gibaud L. 0000-0001-7765-8271 author Gieras T. author Glowacki E. 0009-0000-8051-7605 author Hamal P. 0000-0003-3139-7234 author Heller Matthieu 0000-0003-1215-0148 815328 Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire (FINUC) author Hrabovský M. 0000-0003-4223-7316 author Janeček P. author Jelínek M. 0000-0003-3922-7416 author Jílek V. author Juryšek J. 0000-0002-3130-4168 author Karas V. 0000-0002-5760-0459 author Lacave Bastien 896131 Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire (FINUC) author Lyard Etienne 135516 Département d'astronomie (ASTRO) author Mach E. author Mandát D. 0000-0001-7748-7468 author Marek W. author Michal S. 0000-0001-6563-1573 author Michałowski J. author Miroń M. author Moderski R. 0000-0002-8663-3882 author Montaruli Teresa 0000-0001-5014-2152 755310 Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire (FINUC) author Muraczewski A. author Muthyala S. R. 0009-0003-5771-5197 author Müller A. L. 0000-0002-8473-695X author Nagai Andrii 0000-0002-7150-4527 860098 author Nalewajski K. author Neise D. author Niemiec J. 0000-0001-6036-8569 author Nikołajuk M. 0000-0003-4075-6745 author Novotný V. 0000-0002-4319-4541 author Ostrowski M. 0000-0002-9199-7031 author Palatka M. 0000-0003-2061-6059 author Pech M. 0000-0002-8421-0456 author Prouza M. 0000-0002-3238-9597 author Schovanek P. author Sliusar Vitalii 0000-0002-4387-9372 835404 Département d'astronomie (ASTRO) author Stawarz Ł. author Sternberger R. author Stodulska Magdalena Maria 971998 author Świerblewski J. 0000-0003-4005-3863 author Świerk P. 0000-0002-1730-6992 author Štrobl J. author Tavernier T. 0009-0001-0488-7476 author Trávníček P. author Troyano Pujadas Isaac 826581 author Vícha J. 0000-0002-7945-3605 author Walter Roland 23812 Département d'astronomie (ASTRO) author Ziętara K. A255 10.1051/0004-6361/202555292 0004-6361 https://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202555292 <p>The Single-Mirror Small-Size Telescope (SST-1M) stereoscopic system is composed of two Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) designed to deliver optimal performance for gamma-ray astronomy in the multi-TeV energy range. It features a 4-m diameter tessellated mirror dish and an innovative SiPM-based camera. Its optical system features a 4-m diameter spherical mirror dish based on the Davies-Cotton design, maintaining a good image quality over a large field of view (FoV), while minimizing optical aberrations. In 2022, two SST-1M telescopes were installed at the Ondřejov Observatory, Czech Republic at an altitude of 510 meters above sea level, collecting data for commissioning and astronomical observations since then. We present the first SST-1M observations of the Crab Nebula, conducted between September 2023 and March 2024 in both mono and stereoscopic modes. During this observation period, 46 hours for the SST-1M-1 and 52 hours for the SST-1M-2 were collected (of which 33 hours were in stereoscopic mode). In this work, we used the Crab Nebula observation to validate the expected performance of the instrument, as evaluated by Monte Carlo (MC) simulations that were carefully tuned to account for instrumental and atmospheric effects. We determined that the energy threshold at the analysis level for the zenith angles below 30° is 1 TeV for mono mode and 1.3 TeV for stereo mode. The energy and angular resolutions were approximately 20% and 0.18° for mono mode and 10% and 0.10° for stereo mode, respectively. We present an off-axis performance assessment of the instrument and a detailed study of the systematic uncertainties. The full simulation results for the telescope and its camera are compared to the data for the first time, enabling a deeper understanding of the SST-1M array performance.</p> Instrumentation: detectors Methods: data analysis Gamma rays: general ISM: individual objects: Crab Nebula Dewey 520 Dewey 500.2 Swiss National Science Foundation Design Studies of CTA cameras for gamma-ray detection and High-Energy Multi-Messenger Data Center 141877 CH Programmes Swiss National Science Foundation Swiss contribution to the construction of innovative cameras for middle and small size telescopes of the Cherenkov Telescope Array 154221 CH Infrastructure Swiss National Science Foundation The operation of the first CTA prototypes of telescopes and their cameras 160830 CH Programmes Swiss National Science Foundation Swiss contribution to the construction of innovative cameras for middle and small size telescopes of the Cherenkov Telescope Array 166913 CH Infrastructure 34 Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire 132 26 Département d'astronomie 12 false 1401 Groupe Della Volpe Astronomy & astrophysics 699 20d8153d-9f4d-48bc-bd88-493062175439 Article (Published version) Public Article_scientifique_from_crossref.pdf 3675887 application/pdf CC BY-4.0 75099cb4ecbe44dc7a684b4af8ff1195b36421ce2b1d251ff1a064efb9808cc0 openAccess Faculté des sciences / Section de physique / Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire Faculté des sciences / Département d'astronomie

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