Deficits in inhibitory control, the ability to suppress motor or cognitive processes, is a key component of the cognitive decline observed in healthy aging. The goal of the present study was to examine whether and how inhibitory control can be improved with short practice in elderly populations and the underlying brain changes. To address this question, we compared event-related potentials and source estimations to the NoGo inhibition trials recorded during a short Go/NoGo inhibitory control training session in a group of young vs aged individuals based on a two-way ANOVA with factors Group (Young; Elderly) and Session (pre-; post- training). Behaviorally, we found an evidence for a different effect of practice in the Elderly vs Young group. Neurophysiologically, we found a Group*Session interaction driven by a differential change in the brain responses to the NoGo trials in Young vs Elderly with practice...