Using a detailed energy consumption infrastructure, this work develops a model to address sustainability in supply chain networks in comparing environmental impact to cost optimization. It takes into account the effect of inventory management policies on energy consumption in transportation and storage. The considered inventory management policy is the replenishment method. A basic supply chain segment is studied in the most general fashion so that the analysis could be applied to any transportation link and storage node of a supply chain. Real data are used, obtained from an Indonesian food factory belonging to a well-known international company. Using a simulation-optimization approach, our results show that the most energy effcient solution is not necessarily detrimental to the economic profits.