The landscape of the Geneva Basin, located in the south-westernmost part of the Swiss Plateau between the northern end of the Prealps and the Jura, results from the long-term, continuous tectonic deformation of the Alpine foreland and surface processes reflecting alternation of glacial and interglacial periods. The main geomorphological elements of the Geneva Basin can be thus divided in: (i) tectonically controlled features, associated with the north-westernmost compressive Alpine tectonics represented by SW-NE oriented ridges interrupted by NW-SE lineaments; (ii) glacially related erosional and depositional features; and (iii) postglacial establishment of the present day hydrographic network. Responsible land-use planning over the last centuries resulted in a region internationally known for a balance between urban and industry expansion, agricultural activities and nature preservation areas, which is ensuring both economic and landscape attractiveness of the Geneva Basin.