Pseudomonas aeruginosa is both an environmental organism and an opportunistic pathogen responsible for serious nosocomial infections. The treatment of P. aeruginosa infections is rendered particularly difficult by the impressive capacity of this pathogen to become resistant to all classes of antimicrobials. In the present article, we will use results from fundamental research on antibiotic resistance and virulence of P. aeruginosa to illustrate how translational research might lead to the development of novel anti-infective strategies designed in particular for the treatment of infections caused by such multidrug-resistant bacteria.