The Association Agreement between the EU and Ukraine made ​​history because it was one of the elements that triggered the most serious international crisis of the early twenty-first century in Europe. This treaty has been the subject of many very contradictory representations : Kremlin supporters critized it harshly. The Ukrainian opposition - now in power - incensed it . The EU trivialized it by including it in the continuity of its neighborhood policy. Facing so contradictory opinion , this article returns to the reality of the text behind the controversies. He dissects the material and Institutional nature of this association agreement in comparing it to rather similar agreements such as the one concluded with the countries of the European Free Trade Association in order to to show the similarities and the differences.