This chapter provides an overview of the Swiss health care system and of discussions regarding priority setting in Switzerland, in order to provide some background for the interpretation of responses of Swiss physicians to the Values at the Bedside survey. Responding Swiss doctors reported a high degree of freedom, a high availability of resources, but also high pressure to ration, and also reported the highest rate of physician bedside rationing among the four study countries. This finding contradicts the hypothesis that physician bedside rationing is the result of centralized rules. The Swiss context highlights the fact that a market-based and well-financed health care system will generate physician rationing despite expectations to the contrary. It will, however, be of a different kind: more individualized but also more implicit.