Hepatitis C virus (HCV) life cycle appears to be closely associated with lipid metabolism. Lipid droplet (LD) membrane is believed to be the HCV assembly platform. This thesis project aimed at better understanding the relationship between HCV and lipid metabolism. We analyzed the role of three proteins implicated in LD biogenesis, ADRP, CIDEC and seipin, on both HCV life cycle and LD morphology. Overexpression of these proteins modifies the total surface area of the LD membrane. Our results allow to determine that (i) a LD membrane minimal change is required to affect viral life cycle, (ii) the increase of LD membrane surface area is involved in the establishment of a favorable environment to HCV life cycle (iii) the decrease of LD membrane surface area has a deleterious effect on it. Altogether, these findings suggest that proteins modulating LD biogenesis may be key host cell factors involved in HCV life cycle.