Loss of neurogenesis in <i>Hydra</i> leads to compensatory regulation of neurogenic and neurotransmission genes in epithelial cells

Wenger, Yvan; Buzgariu, Wanda Christa; Galliot, Brigitte

doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0040

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Title		Loss of neurogenesis in Hydra leads to compensatory regulation of neurogenic and neurotransmission genes in epithelial cells
Authors		Wenger, Yvan Buzgariu, Wanda Christa Galliot, Brigitte
Published in		Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. B, Biological Sciences. 2016, vol. 371, no. 1685, p. 20150040
Abstract		Hydra continuously differentiates a sophisticated nervous system made of mechanosensory cells (nematocytes) and sensory–motor and ganglionic neurons from interstitial stem cells. However, this dynamic adult neurogenesis is dispensable for morphogenesis. Indeed animals depleted of their interstitial stem cells and interstitial progenitors lose their active behaviours but maintain their developmental fitness, and regenerate and bud when force-fed. To characterize the impact of the loss of neurogenesis in Hydra, we first performed transcriptomic profiling at five positions along the body axis. We found neurogenic genes predominantly expressed along the central body column, which contains stem cells and progenitors, and neurotransmission genes predominantly expressed at the extremities, where the nervous system is dense. Next, we performed transcriptomics on animals depleted of their interstitial cells by hydroxyurea, colchicine or heat-shock treatment. By crossing these results with cell-type-specific transcriptomics, we identified epithelial genes up-regulated upon loss of neurogenesis: transcription factors (Dlx, Dlx1, DMBX1/Manacle, Ets1, Gli3, KLF11, LMX1A, ZNF436, Shox1), epitheliopeptides (Arminins, PW peptide), neurosignalling components (CAMK1D, DDCl2, Inx1), ligand-ion channel receptors (CHRNA1, NaC7), G-Protein Coupled Receptors and FMRFRL. Hence epitheliomuscular cells seemingly enhance their sensing ability when neurogenesis is compromised. This unsuspected plasticity might reflect the extended multifunctionality of epithelial-like cells in early eumetazoan evolution.
Keywords		Hydra adult neurogenesis — Plasticity of epithelial cells — Interstitial stem cells — RNA-seq transcriptomics — Flow cytometry cell sorting — Hydroxyurea — Behaviour — Cellular biology — Developmental biology — Evolution
Identifiers		DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0040
Full text		Article (Published version) (2.6 MB) - Free access
Structures		Faculté des sciences / Section de biologie / Département de génétique et évolution
Research group		Groupe Galliot
Projects		FNS: 31003A_149630 Human Frontier Science Program HFSP grant RGP0016/2010
Citation (ISO format)		WENGER, Yvan, BUZGARIU, Wanda Christa, GALLIOT, Brigitte. Loss of neurogenesis in Hydra leads to compensatory regulation of neurogenic and neurotransmission genes in epithelial cells. In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. B, Biological Sciences, 2016, vol. 371, n° 1685, p. 20150040. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0040 https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:77611