This paper proposes a path through the heart of Reformed spiritual identity, in which the image of the pope as Antichrist plays a central role. At the time of the Reformation, exegetical work on this question was not without its challenges, both with regard to the forerunners of the Antichrist and the modes and times of his incarnation, and consequently with regard to the perversion of the Church and the expectation of the end of time. Because of these difficulties, in the work of spreading and adapting the Reformation in Geneva, the theme of Antichrist was used above all to explain the daily abuse of Christian doctrine and practice by the Roman institution. At the beginning of the seventeenth century, the theological definition of Antichrist required caution, and the task of clarifying the issue was left to experienced theologians. In many ways, the publications bear witness to the transition from religious polemic to confessional controversy. Nevertheless, Geneva remained the preferred place for the reprinting and translation of works denouncing the anti-Christian nature of the foundations of papal power and responding to the major works of Bellarmin and Baronius.