Lung transplantation offers the unique opportunity to save the life of a patient otherwise condemned by an untreatable end-stage lung disease. In appropriately selected recipients, transplantation not only prolongs survival but improves also their quality of life. Despite surgical mastery and better understanding of key-step pathophysiological mechanisms governing the acceptance of the graft, lung transplantation is still associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Hence, because survival statistics still pale compared with other solid organ transplant, lung transplantation is frequently (wrongfully?) considered as the poor relative of the solid organ transplantation family. The aim of this work is to provide a detailed analysis of the major short and long-term complications occurring after lung transplantation. Besides lung-graft related complications, including primary-graft dysfunction, rejection and a variety of infections, the issue of immunosuppressive treatment–related side effects will also be addressed.