MR imaging provides an invaluable tool for the study of brain development in vivo. Current MR imaging techniques allow noninvasive methodologies, without ionizing radiation, that provide a diversity of information on structure, metabolism, and function of the developing brain. This article focuses on the application of conventional and advanced MR imaging techniques, including quantitative morphometric MR imaging, diffusion-weighted, functional MR, and MR spectroscopic imaging to the study of early human brain development.