Waste wood recovery by thermal treatment with energy recovery or by recycling allows the substitution and conservation of primary resources. Swiss government notes the potential presence of tensions between policies which simultaneously encourage the cascade use of wood, the recycling or the energy recovery by thermal treatment of waste wood. The aim of the present research is to assess the coherence of waste wood management in Switzerland by a quantitative and qualitative approach. First, a mate-rial flow analysis allows to model the wood resources and waste wood metabolism over one century.The simulation results of various scenarios of waste wood management establish that the additional impacts of the immediate thermal treatment are less significant for the reduction of CO2eq emissions but more significant for the energy production than its cascade treatments on Swiss territory. Secondly,a documentary analysis examines the determinants of the current waste wood treatments prevailing in Switzerland. Thus, the causes of the strong presence on Swiss territory of the sector of thermal treatment,the export of almost half of waste wood generated and the sub-exploitation of Swiss forest act as barriers or drivers that result in introducing a crowding-out effect where no amount of waste wood is available for recycling in Switzerland. The comparison of the results of the two approaches leads to the conclusion that the current waste wood management is coherent in relation to the various goals of the Swiss federal policies but the waste wood potential for energy production is not fully exploited. The recommendations on the waste wood management and the possibilities to use the model for other case studies are givenin the conclusion.