In Dogon Country (Mali), recent research carried out in the framework of the international project project "Human Settlement and Paleoenvironment in West Africa" allowed defining a rich chronocultural reference framework for the Late Holocene period (2500-500 cal BC). Covering the regional Late Neolithic/Later Stone Age and Early Iron Age, the sequence is punctuated by several technical and cultural transitions, which seem synchronized with some significant environmental and economic change. It appears indeed that the development of three major currents of cultural influence in the sub-Saharan zones of West Africa during the Late Holocene is mainly underlain by the expansion of herding and agriculture.