This article summarises the progress that has been made in the adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer over the last decade. In view of the consequent improvements in recurrence rates and in overall survival, the development of effective adjuvant treatments for colorectal cancer is considered as one of the most important to be made in clinical oncology over the last decade. Treatment recommendations based on evidence-based data and on expert opinions are summarised in this manuscript. However, a consensus cannot be reached on all aspects of treatment because of data that is currently emerging that will influence clinical practice and because of the many ongoing clinical trials. Those involved in the treatment of colorectal cancer should therefore be encouraged to continue to provide optimal patient care and to participate in well designed clinical trials in order to increase the evidence upon which they can base their clinical judgements and in order to make further progress.