This inquiry proposes a confrontation between the syriac Apocalypse of Baruch and the Letter of the Romans which. Important similarities in the texts allow us to assume a direct relationship or common theological sense between the two and thus leads to a possible comparison. The common historical-theological themes are essentially those of sin and death, reference to the Fathers, the role of the Law, the event of the Messiah and deeds attributed to him. The central point of this comparison shows the profound difference in the conclusion of the two texts. Nevertheless, and perhaps because of it, the argument is an attempt to refute the author of the Apocalypse in favour of Paul on these issues. The aim is to reveal the likelihood of a comparison/clash between a particular version of Judaism of the Ist century that perceives the other (Christian-Pauline) as unacceptable highly subversive and blasphemous. The final conclusion of the argument intends to be a contribution to the clarification of the relationship between the Jewish communities and those of the Ist century Pauline (even if only from the point of view of the ideas expressed by them), to a different understanding of the objectives of the Apocalypse text and a re-underlining of Pauline specificity in a reinterpretation of the Israel's history.