Low-grade gliomas (LGG) are brain tumors with a low or intermediate biological aggressiveness. According to histopathological features, they are further specified as grade I or II by WHO criteria. Diffuse astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and mixed gliomas are the most common LGG. They mainly affect young patients in their 3rd to 5th decade and often manifest with epileptic seizures. A macroscopically complete or near-complete tumor resection that does not induce additional neurological deficits, is recommended as first line therapy in surgically accessible tumors, as a significant benefit for overall survival has been demonstrated. The indication for adjuvant chemo- or radiotherapy must be discussed interdisciplinary in each case. MGMT promotor methylation, LOH 1p/19q, as well as the status of somatic mutations within IDH1/2 gene constitute biomarkers that may predict response to adjuvant therapy and may correlate to overall survival. These and other biomarkers could be of benefit in future managing plans to offer patients with LGG an individually tailored, optimal treatment.