In the last decades, psychological research has increasingly acknowledged that emotion is a central organizing construct of human cognition and a fundamental principle of human behavior. Although this has significant implications for the understanding of language processing and professional performance, today, emotions do not receive sufficient attention in the study of translation. The present paper identifies an agenda for future interdisciplinary research bridging the gap between psychological research on emotion and translation studies. This agenda should capture how emotions influence the performance of professional translators, consider implications for the design of work environments and discuss the role of emotional competences in translator training and employability. Further, research should focus on the different capacities of human translators and translation technologies to render emotional meaning in all its complexity, and evaluate the implications of this essential aspect of communication for the status of human intelligence in translation processes.