This dissertation presents a novel and robust framework for the operational and legal analysis of recovering fugitives abroad. It addresses how States, working alone, in cooperation, or with third-party intervention, strive to secure the custody of fugitives to bring them to justice, while evaluating the propriety of those pursuit efforts under international law. It introduces redefined terms and new concepts to add precision to the discourse; sets forth comprehensive typologies, inter alia, for the various forms of extradition and its impediments; and provides a mapping to account for the full range of means and methods – extradition, collateral and remedial approaches to extradition, and fallback and full-scale alternatives to extradition – by which fugitives can be obtained. In addition, this study considers the judicial, diplomatic, and policy consequences of reliance on the more aggressive tactics; and proffers recommendations that, if adopted, could foster the recovery of fugitives while minimizing associated risks.